Kua Nitrogen
Taw qhia
Cov kua nitrogen yog cov kua dej ntawm cov roj nitrogen, paub txog nws cov inert, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj corrosive, thiab cov yam ntxwv uas tsis yog nplaim taws. Nws muaj qhov kub thiab txias heev. Nitrogen roj ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua (kwv yees li 78.03% los ntawm ntim thiab 75.5% los ntawm qhov hnyav). Ntawm tus qauv atmospheric siab, nitrogen muaj qhov kub ntawm -196.56 degree, thiab 1 cubic meter kua nitrogen tuaj yeem nthuav dav mus rau 696 cubic meters ntawm gaseous nitrogen ntawm 21 degree. Cov kua nitrogen feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm huab cua fractionation thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj tuav vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm frostbite thaum sib cuag.
Physical thiab Chemical Properties
Zoo thiab yam ntxwv:Cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab tsw ntxhiab.
Melting Point: -210 degree
Boiling Point: -196 degree
Thaum tshav kub kub ntawm Vaporization: 5.56 kJ / mol
Qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb: -147 degree
Lub siab tseem ceeb: 3.40 MPa
Solubility: me ntsis soluble hauv dej thiab ethanol.
Cia thiab ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb
Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm:Cov kua nitrogen yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw kaw nrog lub qhov cua txaus. Cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov kua nitrogen yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb. Nws raug nquahu rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv khaub thuas thiab hnab looj tes tiv thaiv tawv nqaij. Kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj los tiv thaiv cov pa tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj.Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xau thaum muaj xwm ceev yuav tsum tau yooj yim.
Cov Lus Qhia Cia:Cov kua nitrogen yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhov cua zoo, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshaj 30 degrees. Lub chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej xau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Engineering Controls:Ua haujlwm kaw thaum muab qhov cua txaus txaus.
Kev tiv thaiv ua pa:Kev tiv thaiv ua pa tshwj xeeb feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov pa oxygen concentration hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm poob qis dua 18%, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv ua pa uas tsim nyog, xws li cov cuab yeej ua pa ntawm tus kheej, lub tshuab ua pa oxygen, lossis lub ntsej muag puv lub ntsej muag nrog cov hoses ntev.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Qhov Muag:Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav looj tsom iav dub los yog lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob pom qhov muag nrog kua nitrogen.
Kev tiv thaiv lub cev:Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv khaub thuas kom ntseeg tau tias lub cev rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tes:Cov hnab looj tes tsim los tiv thaiv huab cua txias yuav tsum tau hnav kom tiv thaiv tes nrog kua nitrogen.
Kev phom sij
Txoj kev nkag: Inhalation
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog kua nitrogen tuaj yeem ua rau frostbite. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov kua nitrogen ntau dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem siab, nws tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv cov pa oxygen ib feem ntawm cov huab cua, uas ua rau muaj mob hnyav ntawm hypoxic asphyxiation. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov kua nitrogen nws tus kheej tsis yog combustible los yog tawg.
Poisoning Treatment Emergency Measures
SKev Sib cuag: Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd rau frostbite.
Kev nqus pa: Yog tias nqus tau cov pa roj nitrogen lossis roj ntau dua li qub, txav tus neeg cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd mus rau huab cua ntshiab, ua kom cov pa tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Yog tias ua pa nyuaj, muab cov pa oxygen. Yog tias ua tsis taus pa, ua pa tawm dag zog thiab nrhiav kev kho mob.
Kev ntsuas hluav taws kub
Cov yam ntxwv muaj kev phom sij: Thaum cov kua nitrogen ntim tau raug tshav kub, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub siab ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg lossis tawg.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: Cov kua nitrogen nws tus kheej tsis hlawv, yog li tsis muaj cov khoom combustion.
Txoj kev tua hluav taws: Txij li cov kua nitrogen tsis hlawv, kev ntsuas hluav taws tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub thawv vim muaj cua sov, cov dej yuav siv tau los ua kom lub thawv txias. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tso dej ncaj qha rau hauv cov kua nitrogen yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij.
Kev tuav xwm txheej ceev
Teb ceev xwm ceev:
Thaum muaj cov kua nitrogen tawm, tshem tawm cov kab mob kom sai, txav mus rau sab saud, thiab tsim cov cheeb tsam cais nrog kev txwv tsis pub nkag. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kub ntxhov yuav tsum hnav lub tshuab ua pa zoo rau tus kheej, hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv khaub thuas, thiab hnab looj tes kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov khoom xau. Kev siv zog yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ntawm qhov xau, thiab cov cua kiv cua yuav tsum tau siv los ua kom cov pa xau tawm mus rau qhov chaw qhib. Cov thawv ntim dej yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, kho, tshuaj xyuas, thiab kuaj ua ntej rov siv dua.
Kev tswj cov kua Nitrogen Spills:
Thaum nqus cov pa nitrogen ntawm qhov qis, cov tsos mob thawj zaug tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv siab nruj, ua tsis taus pa, thiab qaug zog. Tom qab ntawd, kev tsis txaus siab, kev zoo siab heev, kev ntxhov siab, khiav, qw, hais lus tsis txaus, tsis khov kho, thiab txawm tias coma lossis tuag yuav tshwm sim rau qhov mob hnyav.Cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua:
1. Tshem tawm cov tib neeg tam sim ntawd los ntawm thaj chaw muaj kab mob mus rau qhov chaw nce siab thiab tsim cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev txwv tsis pub nkag mus.
2. Qhia rau lub tuam tsev tua hluav taws thiab cov tub ceev xwm.
3. Cov neeg muaj xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum hnav lub tshuab ua pa zoo rau tus kheej, hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv khaub thuas, thiab hnab looj tes.
4. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ntws mus rau hauv qab daus los yog lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm kaw. Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, qhia rau cov tub ceev xwm tam sim ntawd.
5. Tsis txhob sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov khoom xau. Kev siv zog yuav tsum tau ua kom txiav tawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov xau.
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7. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa paug hauv qhov chaw qis, thiab siv cov kiv cua tso pa tawm ncaj qha cov pa xau mus rau qhov chaw qhib. Txwv tsis pub cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv qhov chaw qis qis lossis qis qis.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Siv Khoom Siv
Cov kua nitrogen pom ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, suav nrog:
1. Kev khov sai sai thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus lossis kev tsim cov dej khov. Kev siv hauv kev tshawb fawb physics kub qis.
2. Kev ua qauv qhia ntawm cov xeev uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias hauv kev kawm txuj ci, xws li muab cov khoom tso rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov kua nitrogen, ua rau lawv nkig zoo li iav.
3. Muab qhov ntsuas kub uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom kub kub superconductors zoo li yttrium barium tooj liab oxide. Ua raws li cov tub yees kom ceev ceev cov ntaub so ntswg los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
4. Kev siv hauv kev tsim cov chiv nitrogen.
5. Daim ntawv thov hauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, xws li BET qhov chaw kuaj kab mob.
Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev kho mob
Cov kua nitrogen kuj muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv biology thiab tshuaj, suav nrog:
1. Kev tshem tawm cov kab tsuag, xws li cov ntsaum liab liab.
2. Pab hauv hemostasis thiab tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij, excisable lesions ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm kev khov sai sai hauv cov txheej txheem phais.
3. Khaws cov ntaub so ntswg nyob, cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg, cov phev, thiab cov qe los ntawm cryopreservation kom tswj tau lub sijhawm ntev thiab siv tau.
4. Rov hais dua, cov kua nitrogen yog dav siv los ua cov tub yees kom ceev ceev ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kua nitrogen yog ua raws li cov cai thiab cov qauv hauv ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev tuav pov hwm. Thaum siv cov kua nitrogen, kev ua raws li cov cai hauv zos thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev nyab xeeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig.
