Kua Oxygen: Cov Khoom thiab Daim Ntawv Thov
Cov pa oxygen, tseem hu ua LOx, yog cov kua dej ntawm cov pa oxygen molecular thiab pom kev siv dav hauv aerospace, submarines, thiab kev lag luam roj. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav qhia txog cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab nws cov kev siv tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Lub cev muaj zog
Lub cev lub cev tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kua oxygen ua rau nws tsis muaj nuj nqis hauv ntau qhov sib txawv. Nov yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua oxygen:
1. Ceev thiab kub
Ntawm tus qauv atmospheric siab (101.325 kPa), kua oxygen muaj qhov ceev ntawm 1.141 g / cm³, me ntsis siab dua li cov kua dej. Cov pa oxygen ua kua ua rau pom qhov chaw txias heev ntawm 50.5 K (sib npaug rau -222.65 degrees Celsius) thiab qhov kub ntawm 90.188 K (sib npaug rau -182.96 degrees Celsius). Qhov no ua rau muaj cov kua oxygen nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv.
2. Liquefaction txheej txheem
Kev tsim cov kua oxygen feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem hu ua fractional distillation. Cov txheej txheem no entails compressing thiab txias cua kom cais nitrogen thiab oxygen. Vim lawv cov ntsiab lus kub sib txawv, nitrogen tau sib cais ua ntej, tawm hauv cov kua oxygen ntshiab qab.
3. Cov tsos mob thiab cov hlau nplaum
Cov pa oxygen ua kua muaj xim daj ntseg daj thiab pom muaj zog paramagnetism. Nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub zog horseshoe hlau nplaum.
4. Inducing Material Brittleness thiab Strong Oxidizing Agent
Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kua oxygen ua nkig heev vim nws qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa oxygen ua kua yog lub zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev, ua rau cov khoom siv organic rau combust sai. Qee yam khoom xws li cov thee briquettes, carbon dub, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo thaum ntub hauv cov pa oxygen thiab raug rau qhov hluav taws kub xws li nplaim taws, sparks, lossis cuam tshuam me. Petrochemicals, suav nrog asphalt, feem ntau qhia tus cwj pwm no.
Daim ntawv thov
Cov kua dej oxygen pom cov ntawv siv dav dav, hla ntau qhov chaw.
Nov yog qee qhov ntawm nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
1. Kev siv kho mob
Hauv kev kho mob, cov pa oxygen ua kua yog siv rau kev kho cov pa oxygen kom cov neeg mob tau txais cov pa oxygen txaus. Cov dav hlau siab siab kuj tseem siv cov pa oxygen ua pa rau cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov neeg coob.
2. Kev tsim khoom lag luam
Kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov kua oxygen muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua cua. Nrog rau qhov nthuav dav ntawm 1:861, kua oxygen pom kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, suav nrog metallurgy, chemical engineering, thiab electronics manufacturing. Hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, tib neeg sivambient vaporizerskom rov tau txais nws lub xeev gaseous rau hauv daim ntawv thov raug.
3. Oxidizer
Cov kua oxygen feem ntau yog siv los ua oxidizer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv foob pob ua ntxaij propulsion. Nws yog ua ke nrog ntau yam roj xws li kua hydrogen, kerosene, los yog methane los muab kev txhawb nqa ntau, tso lub dav hlau mus rau hauv lub orbit. Nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv aerospace engineering.
Kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb
Vim nws tsis kub thiab oxidizing zog, kua oxygen ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Cov kua nitrogen muaj qhov kub qis dua li cov pa oxygen, thiab cov hlab ntsha uas muaj cov kua nitrogen tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa oxygen los ntawm huab cua. Yog li ntawd, tom qab feem ntau ntawm cov nitrogen tau evaporated los ntawm xws li ib lub nkoj, cov kua oxygen ntxiv tuaj yeem hnov mob hnyav nrog cov ntaub ntawv organic, nthuav tawm qhov phom sij tawg. Hloov pauv, kua nitrogen lossis kua cua tuaj yeem ua kom muaj cov pa oxygen los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv sawv ntsug hauv huab cua, raws li cov pa oxygen yaj hauv lawv, thaum nitrogen nyiam evaporates.
